The overhead
projector is a popular visual tool because transparencies are
fast and easy to prepare ahead of time, or you can write or draw
on them during the presentation. The overhead projector is considered
by many visual specialists to be the most misused visual
medium in education. Problems occur when transparencies are used
for the instructor's notes rather than for presenting or reinforcing
selected concepts. Quite often the lettering is too small
to be seen from the back of the room. Sometimes 12 point typewriter
size is used which is usually too small. At times, too many concepts/ideas
are attempted on a transparency, and with too many words
the message is hidden. Messages are too often presented in
copy (word) form, rather than in a graphic or visual manner.
SUGGESTIONS
1. Use large
letters, no smaller than 3/8 inch. You can easily enlarge
small letters on the photocopier.
2. Limit
the amount of information; no more than 6-8 lines. While
more lines might possibly be presented and read, it may be psychologically
undesirable. Use more than one transparency rather than overcrowd
one.
3. Try to
present only one idea per visual. Break your information
into clear thought-by-thought units that build to a larger story.
4. Use
phrases or key words, rather than complete sentences. Choose
the wording carefully, for this will affect the ease and amount
of recall.
5. Use
charts, graphs and illustrations. Learning and recall are
enhanced by using graphic/visual techniques, rather than copy
alone.
6. Use
more than one color for variety and interest. Be sure all
colors have adequate contrast for easy viewing, and do not use
more than 2 or 3 colors. If using ink pens, choose those with
permanent ink, for they are darker and richer in color.
7. Use
one or more "overlays" to progressively build a
step-by-step story. In this way, you present each thought separately.
8.
Reveal each point separately when showing a list of items
by using a mask to cover those not yet under discussion.
9.
Increase interest/learning by using a variety of visual media,
rather than relying exclusively on overhead transparencies.
10.
Good visuals require thought and planning. They cannot substitute
for a lack of preparation, instructor enthusiasm, student participation
and other recommended teaching techniques.
Prof.
H. Carey
Penn State
